Summary Statistics

This section summarises key characteristics of the conditions and medications studied in Real4Reg: breast cancer, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), antibiotic consumption and diabetes medicines. Results are presented for the participating countries where available. Data from some countries are still being finalised and will be added to the tables as soon as they become available.

Breast Cancer

Table 1 – Age-standardised incidence rates (SIRs) of breast cancer in Denmark and Finland

Population	Age-standardised incidence rate (95% CI), per 100,000 person-years
	Denmark	Finland
All people	120.54 (119.78,121.31)	106.07 (105.35,106.83)
Note: Country specific SIRs per 100,000 person-years within the population of each country were standardised to the age-distribution of the European Standard Population. Person-years from the European population during the period [2000-2021 in Finland, Denmark, 2013-2022 in Germany, 2005-2022 in Portugal] as the reference for standardisation (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/ks-ra-13-028).

Table 2 – Country-specific point prevalence (PP) of breast cancer per 100,000 in Denmark and Finland

Population	Denmark           (2000-2021)		Finland (2000-2021)
	PP	Population at the end of 2021	PP	Population at the end of 2020
All Persons	1372	4,721,691	1160	5,533,793

Table 3 – Demographic characteristics of patients with primary incident breast cancer in Denmark, Finland and Portugal

Characteristics	Denmark	Finland	Portugal
Total	98,215	88,260	98,472
Male	665 (1%)	420 (1%)	923 (1%)
Female	97,550 (99%)	87,840 (99%)	97,549 (99%)
Age groups years
18 – 34 years	1530 (2%)	1015 (1%)	2449 (3%)
35 – 44 years	7260 (7%)	5215 (6%)	12,025 (12%)
45 – 54 years	18,805 (19%)	18,565 (21%)	22,847 (23%)
55 – 64 years	25,465 (26%)	25,265 (29%)	22,787 (23%)
65 – 74 years	23,705 (24%)	20,440 (23%)	20,433 (21%)
>= 75 years	21,445 (22%)	18,075 (20%)	17,932 (18%)

Figure 1 – Overall survival of patients with incident primary breast cancer in Denmark, Finland and Portugal

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Table 4 – Age-SIRs of ALS in Denmark, Finland and Portugal

Population	Age-standardised incidence rate (95% CI), per 100,000 person-years
	Denmark	Finland	Portugal
All people	3.45 (3.24,3.74)	5.82 (5.64,6.02)	2.10 (2.03,2.17)
Note: Country-specific SIRs per 100,000 person-years within the population of each country were standardised to the age-distribution of the European Standard Population. Person-years from the European population during the period [2000-2021 in Finland, Denmark, 2013-2022 in Germany, 2005-2022 in Portugal] as the reference for standardisation (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/ks-ra-13-028).

Table 5 – Country-specific point prevalence (PP) of ALS per 100,000 in Denmark, Finland and Portugal

Population	Denmark (2000-2021)		Finland (2000-2021)		Portugal (2013-2022)
	PP	Population at the end of 2021	PP	Population at the end of 2020	PP	Population at the end of 2022
All persons	10	4,721,691	17	5,533,793	44	9,212,190

Table 6 – Demographic characteristic of patients with ALS in Denmark, Finland and Portugal

Characteristics	Denmark	Finland	Portugal
Total	2810	5400	4061
Female	1265 (45%)	2615 (48%)	1825 (45%)
Male	1545 (55%)	2785 (52%)	2236 (55%)
Age groups years
18 – 34 years	25 (1%)	60 (1%)	58 (1%)
35 – 44 years	95 (3%)	145 (3%)	154 (4%)
45 – 54 years	285 (10%)	605 (11%)	385 (9%)
55 – 64 years	680 (24%)	1440 (27%)	907 (22%)
65 – 74 years	1060 (38%)	1835 (34%)	1435 (35%)
>=75 years	655 (23%)	1315 (24%)	1122 (28%)

Figure 2 – Overall survival of patients with incident ALS in Denmark, Finland and Portugal

Fluoroquinolones and Other Antibiotics

Table 7 – Characteristics of fluoroquinolone, amoxicillin and cephalosporins users aged 18 or more years old

Characteristics	Finland
Study period	01.01.2010-31.12.2021
	FQ	Amoxicillin	Cephalosporins
Number of users	891,149	2,284,907	2,516,078
Number of prescriptions	1,713,010	5,403,615	6,145,040
Mean age at prescription	60.6	51.2	52.9
Percentage (%) of women (per prescription)	50.0	59.1	56.2

SGLT-2 Inhibitors

Table 8 – Characteristics of Sodium-Glucose Transport 2 Inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) users aged 40 or more years old

Characteristics	Finland
Study period	01.01.2017-31.12.2023
	SGLT-2i	DPP-4i
Number of users	237,543	228,591
Number of prescriptions	3,768,684	6,169,294
Mean age at prescription	68.8	73.5
Percentage (%) of women (per prescription)	40.9	48.4