Summary Statistics

This section summarises key characteristics of the conditions and medications studied in Real4Reg: breast cancer, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), antibiotic consumption and diabetes medicines. Results are presented for the participating countries where available. Data from some countries are still being finalised and will be added to the tables as soon as they become available.

Breast Cancer

Table 1 – Age-standardised incidence rates (SIRs) of breast cancer in Denmark, Finland and Germany

Population	Age-standardised incidence rate (95% CI), per 100,000 person-years
	Denmark	Finland	Portugal	Germany
All people	120.54 (119.78,121.31)	106.07 (105.35,106.83)	NA	Pending
Note: Country specific SIRs per 100,000 person-years within the population of each country were standardised to the age-distribution of the European Standard Population. Person-years from the European population during the period [2000-2021 in Finland, Denmark, 2013-2022 in Germany, 2005-2022 in Portugal] as the reference for standardisation (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/ks-ra-13-028).

Table 2 – Country-specific point prevalence (PP) of breast cancer per 100,000 in Denmark, Finland, Portugal, and Germany

Population	Denmark           (2000-2021)		Finland (2000-2021)		Portugal (2013-2022)		Germany (2014-2023)
	PP	Population at the end of 2021	PP	Population at the end of 2020	PP	Population at the end of 2022	PP	Population at the end of 2023
All Persons	1372	4,721,691	1160	5,533,793	NA	9,212,190	Pending	Pending

Table 3 – Demographic characteristics of patients with primary incident breast cancer in Denmark, Finland, Portugal, and Germany

Characteristics	Denmark	Finland	Portugal	Germany
Total	98,215	88,260	98,472	Pending
Male	665 (1%)	420 (1%)	923 (1%)	Pending
Female	97,550 (99%)	87,840 (99%)	97,549 (99%)	Pending
Age groups years
18 – 34 years	1530 (2%)	1015 (1%)	2449 (3%)	Pending
35 – 44 years	7260 (7%)	5215 (6%)	12,025 (12%)	Pending
45 – 54 years	18,805 (19%)	18,565 (21%)	22,847 (23%)	Pending
55 – 64 years	25,465 (26%)	25,265 (29%)	22,787 (23%)	Pending
65 – 74 years	23,705 (24%)	20,440 (23%)	20,433 (21%)	Pending
>= 75 years	21,445 (22%)	18,075 (20%)	17,932 (18%)	Pending

Figure 1 – Overall survival of patients with incident primary breast cancer in Denmark, Finland and Portugal

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Table 4 – Age-SIRs of ALS in Denmark, Finland, Portugal, and Germany

Population	Age-standardised incidence rate (95% CI), per 100,000 person-years
	Denmark	Finland	Portugal	Germany
All people	3.45 (3.24,3.74)	5.82 (5.64,6.02)	2.10 (2.03,2.17)	Pending
Note: Country-specific SIRs per 100,000 person-years within the population of each country were standardised to the age-distribution of the European Standard Population. Person-years from the European population during the period [2000-2021 in Finland, Denmark, 2013-2022 in Germany, 2005-2022 in Portugal] as the reference for standardisation (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/ks-ra-13-028).

Table 5 – Country-specific point prevalence (PP) of ALS per 100,000 in Denmark, Finland, Portugal, and Germany

Population	Denmark (2000-2021)		Finland (2000-2021)		Portugal (2013-2022)		Germany (2014-2023)
	PP	Population at the end of 2021	PP	Population at the end of 2020	PP	Population at the end of 2022	PP	Population at the end of 2023
All persons	10	4,721,691	17	5,533,793	44	9,212,190	Pending	Pending

Table 6 – Demographic characteristic of patients with ALS in Denmark, Finland, Portugal, and Germany

Characteristics	Denmark	Finland	Portugal	Germany
Total	2810	5400	4061	Pending
Female	1265 (45%)	2615 (48%)	1825 (45%)	Pending
Male	1545 (55%)	2785 (52%)	2236 (55%)	Pending
Age groups years
18 – 34 years	25 (1%)	60 (1%)	58 (1%)	Pending
35 – 44 years	95 (3%)	145 (3%)	154 (4%)	Pending
45 – 54 years	285 (10%)	605 (11%)	385 (9%)	Pending
55 – 64 years	680 (24%)	1440 (27%)	907 (22%)	Pending
65 – 74 years	1060 (38%)	1835 (34%)	1435 (35%)	Pending
>=75 years	655 (23%)	1315 (24%)	1122 (28%)	Pending

Figure 2 – Overall survival of patients with incident ALS in Denmark, Finland and Portugal

Fluoroquinolones and Other Antibiotics

Table 7 – Characteristics of fluoroquinolone, amoxicillin and cephalosporins users aged 18 or more years old in Finland, Portugal, Denmark, and Germany

	Denmark	Finland	Portugal	Germany
FQ
Study period	2010-2021	2010-2021	2016-2022	pending
Number of users	656,573	891,149	2,247,781	pending
Number of prescriptions	1,174,121	1,713,010	3,792,522	pending
Mean age at prescription	63	61	61	pending
Percentage (%) of women (per prescription)	52.6	50.0	53.4	pending
Amoxicillin
Study period	2010-2021	2010-2021	2016-2022	pending
Number of users	1,253,904	2,284,907	5,793,828	pending
Number of prescriptions	2,801,165	5,403,615	12,890,133	pending
Mean age at prescription	62	51	61	pending
Percentage (%) of women (per prescription)	54.6	59.1	53.4	pending
Cephalosporins
Study period	2010-2021	2010-2021	2016-2022	pending
Number of users	21,951	2,516,078	1,620,517	pending
Number of prescriptions	33,173	6,145,040	2,355,393	pending
Mean age at prescription	63	53	58	pending
Percentage (%) of women (per prescription)	62.1	56.2	62.9	pending

SGLT-2 Inhibitors

Table 8 – Characteristics of Sodium-Glucose Transport 2 Inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) users aged 40 or more years old in Finland

Characteristics	Finland
Study period	01.01.2017-31.12.2023
	SGLT-2i	DPP-4i
Number of users	237,543	228,591
Number of prescriptions	3,768,684	6,169,294
Mean age at prescription	68.8	73.5
Percentage (%) of women (per prescription)	40.9	48.4